It condenses the spent working fluid from the turbine output back to a liquid before it is recycled back into the steam. The operation of a thermal power plant is explained in a logical manner with help of animation in this video. Condenser is actually shell and tube heat exchanger that converts steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Maximum working pressure inside water boxes is 5 kgcm 2. Geothermal power plant working principle normally the thermal energy available inside the earth is at a depth of more than 80 km. Ges condensers have been used in power plants for over 50 years, and have a track record of high performance.
This hot water from the earth is piping to the surface of the earth through hot water wells. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components. In this article we are going to know about steam power plant working, operation and layout of schematic arrangement. A surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. Forced air movement evaporators can be divided into 3 main groups. Usually the condenser operates by running the working fluid through a network of pipes inside a tower. Main condenser steam condenser what is nuclear power. A power plant is a place where we produce electric power which is used for domestic and industrial purposes by using turbines. In the 18 th century, the thermal power plant exists with a lot of improvements in the reciprocating steam engine this reciprocating steam engine is used to develop the steam and with the use of an electric generator makes or. Theory of steam turbines thermodynamics nuclear power. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. Understand the layout and working principle of a steam power plant.
Here steam is generated by using radioactive fuel i. By lowering the condenser operating pressure, the following. Cooling tower working principle and types of cooling tower. Surface condenser types of surface condenser mechanicaltutorial. Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy. The deaerator pump used in power plants is also designed for higher temperatures. About 70 % of energy used by india is produced in coal fired thermal power plants. A tutorial on power generation from thermal power plants. Its the time to know that the thermal power plant depends on its work on the principle of rankine cycle, which is a closed cycle which uses the same fluid repeatedly.
To learn more about thermal power plants, you can read our. The only difference is there that in steam turbine power plant we use compressed steam to rotate the turbine, but in gas turbine power plant we. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce. Thermal power plant as the title infers is the place of mechanism which converts heat energy into electric power. Geothermal power plant working principle your electrical guide. Power generation from thermal power plant introduction. May 17, 2017 what is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power plant. For a subcritical plant it is below 42% for a new plant. Cost of power generation is higher than hydropower. Arrangement cost of steam power plant is very lower than hydro and nuclear power plant.
Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant theory of thermal power station. Steam power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle. The venturi effect, which is a particular case of bernoullis principle, applies to the operation of steam jet ejectors. Evaporator types and principle of operation installation. Jun 29, 20 in thermal power plant, water is the working fluid. Power plants have a standard life of 30 to 40 years.
Thermal power plants are working on the principle of law of conservation of energy i. During this process of expansion, the highenergy steam also performs mechanical work. In surface condenser exhaust steam and cooling water does not mix up with. Here is the detail operation of the individual unit of this plant. Condenser water and cooling tower in thermal power plant free download as powerpoint presentation. The fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant. The working of nuclear power plant is almost same as the thermal power plants but only difference in the procedure of generating steam and fuel used. Working principle of surface condenser is completely different from jet condenser. A thermal power station is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electric power. Factors to determine the site of steam power station. Mar 18, 2017 thermal power plant uses steam energy for the generation of the electricity. The amount of air extracted at the time of starting is more as compared to running unit.
Condenser and cooling tower work in power plant youtube. When piston moves downward, air is sucked by suction valves at low pressure and room temperature. Ppt thermal power plant powerpoint presentation free to. In thermal power plants the fundamental objective is to supply thermal energy by the boiler as required by the turbine to convert the energy to mechanical. In ejector condenser fig steam and water mix in a series of cones arranged as shown inside the shell. Condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. Now steam turbine is turn to run an electric generator or alternator which is coupled to steam turbine and thereby producing electric energy. Firstly we fill the water into the boiler until we fill the entire surface area of heat transfer. Thermal power plant electricity generation electrical.
The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. Where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser is often used. Classic thermal power plants are optimized to produce as much electric energy as possible. It is done for complete burning and extraction of heat from burning coal.
Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy generated to the chemical energy of fuel consumed. Mar 04, 2020 the fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant. Though it is widely used in different engineering sector and other refrigeration plant. Geothermal power plant working principle your electrical. The steam is kept on heating till it becomes superheated. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital.
Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. The outlet of the lpt is sent to the condenser for condensing back to water by a cooling water system. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. Mar 15, 2020 thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. Condenser water and cooling tower in thermal power plant. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant. It condenses the spent working fluid from the turbine output back to a liquid before it is recycled back into the steam generators of the power plant. Nov 03, 2017 a power plant is a place where we produce electric power which is used for domestic and industrial purposes by using turbines. The working principle of nuclear power plant depends upon mainly four components 1. From the turbine exit the steam is sent to the condenser for condensation. In thermal power plants, the heat energy obtained from combustion of solid fuel mostly coal is used to convert water into steam, this steam is at high pressure and temperature.
Mar 30, 2014 a simple explanation of how a steam or thermal power plant works. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. Condenser in thermal power plants power4you power from. An air compressor is such a device which is used to compress the air and to raise its pressure.
Cooling system circulating water system deaerator operating principle. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant. The heat energy in steam is converted into mechanical energy by turbine. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle. Nov 20, 2017 working principle of geothermal power plant the magma heats the water present inside the earth and increases its temperature greater than 182 degree celsius. Most common pump is a multistage centrifugal in power plants for feeding water to boilers. An air cooled condenser acc is a direct dry cooling system where steam is condensed inside aircooled finned tubes. The only difference is there that in steam turbine power plant we use compressed steam to rotate the turbine, but in gas turbine power plant we use compressed air to turn the turbine. Life and effectiveness of the steam power plant are more concise when compared to hydel power plant.
Sep 17, 2017 today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. The cost of the steam power plant is lower than several power plants. In this article you will learn about geothermal power plant working principle, types, main components, advantages and disadvantages with diagram. The cool ambient air flow outside the finned tubes is what removes heat and defines the functionality of an acc. What a plant is generating is the plant utilization factor. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible augmentation in its heat transfer performance. A thermal power plant is a power station where the heat energy is transformed into electric power. It condenses the exhaust steam from the turbine and changes it to water. The chemical energy of coal is converted into heat and then into steam by the boiler.
This is because of the abundant availability of coal, reliable cheap power and early advent of steam engine technology. Nuclear power plant working principle of nuclear power plant. Steam is an important medium of producing mechanical energy. The block diagram of nuclear power plant shown in figure. The plant also consists of a condenser, where steam. Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power plant. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gases are burnt in the boiler, a hot flue gases thus generated are used to heat the feed water. Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articles. The exhausted steam from the turbine is condensed in a condenser. Water is allowed to flow from the top under a head of about 6 m through a number of coaxial converging truncated cones. The complete cycle of water to water is explained in details.
In this video it is explained that how thermal power plant works. Why do we need a condenser in thermal power plant or rankine. After it passes through the turbine the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal. In thermal power plants t, the steam from the turbine exhaust flows into the acc where condensation occurs. The main steam condenser mc system is designed to condense and. What is the working principle of a condenser in thermal power.
Now if the condenser is used than the state of fluid leaving the condenser will be. Not just india, people all over the world heavily rely on thermal power stations. A steam condenser is a closed vessel in which steam is condensed by abstracting the heat by cooling it with water and where the pressure is maintained below atmospheric pressure. The basic working principle of cooling tower is to cool the hot water with the help of atmospheric air. A thermal power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle 1. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. It removes air from the condenser and provide vacuum. At first coal is stored at the plant and then coal is pulverised through crushers,sizers, dryers and magnetic separator. Jun 06, 2017 thermal power plant working animation.
A fission reaction takes place in the nuclear reactor which release large amount heat due the chain reaction of uranium atom. Thermal power plant is involves the conversion of heat energy into the electrical energy. The average temperature gradient in the earths surface is 30 o c km depth. A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid e. This steam under high pressure then expanded in stem turbine to rotate the continue reading construction and working of thermal power plant. Condenser cooling water pumps in thermal power plant pdf ppt. Steam has the advantages that it can be raised from water which is available in abundance it does not react much with the materials of the equipment of the power plant and is suitable at the temperature required in the plant. Power plant instrumentation and control handbook a guide to thermal power plants. Why do we need a condenser in thermal power plant or rankine cycle. The following is a record of factors that affect the selection of a site for building a steam power station. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. Gas turbine working principle, open loop and closed loop gas turbine. This will increase the amount of available work from the turbine electrical output. Thermal power plants are usually equipped with so called surface condensers.
In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. This requires the lowest possible heat release temperature in the thermodynamic cycle. Jul 08, 2012 in a steam power plant the coal is used as fuel and required to store. Normally the thermal energy available inside the earth is at a depth of more than 80 km. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when. What is boiler and condenser pressure thermal engineering. Performance analysis of surface condenser in mini thermal power plant mayank r pawar1, sagar r chokshi2, avesh khan3. What is the working principle of a condenser answers.
Global and chinese pakistan thermal power plant industry, 2018 market research report thermal power plant industry, 202023 market research report is a professional and indepth study on the current state of the global pakistan thermal power plant industry with a focus on the chinese market. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. What is the working principle of thermal power plant. The height of the cooling tower in thermal power plant is about. Now thermal power plant is a place where we produce electric power using steam produced from water. Today we will study the definition, component, layout, working diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of the thermal power plant thermal power plant. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. Surface condenser in thermal power plant watco group. We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. Almost every part of the world, the turbine is utilized a steamdriven process. Apr 15, 2016 thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when steam comes inside the shell it pass over with tubes carrying cold waters. It sucks the air from atmosphere and delivers it at same temperature but at high pressure.
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